Hair Loss Treatment

Hair Loss Treatment at the Proctor Clinic

Cell Sci. 1990;97:463.

Human hair growth in vitro.
Philpott MP, et al

We report for the first time the successful maintenance and regrowth of human hair follicles in vitro. Human anagen hair follicles were isolated by microdissection from human scalp skin. Isolation of the hair follicles was achieved by cutting the follicle at the dermo-subcutaneous fat interface using a scalpel blade. Intact hair follicles were then removed from the fat using watchmakers’ forceps. Isolated hair follicles maintained free-floating in supplemented Williams E medium in individual wells of 24-well multiwell plates showed a significant increase in length over 4 days. The increase in length was seen to be attributed to the production of a keratinised hair shaft, and was not associated with the loss of hair follicle morphology. …snip…

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European Journal of Dermatology. Volume 11, Number 4, 293-5, July – August 2001, Articles de la revue
Author( : S. Andersson,

The gonadal synthesis of testosterone from cholesterol involves cytochrome P-450 side-chain cleavage enzyme, cytochrome P-450 17a-hydroxylase, 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. A significant part of testosterone is converted in androgen target tissues to the more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone by the steroid 5a-reductase isoenzymes. Dihydrotestosterone, which binds to the nuclear androgen receptor with much greater affinity than testosterone, is the androgen responsible for male pattern hair loss. Consequently, the 5a-reductase inhibitor finasteride was developed and has proven efficacious in promoting hair regrowth. Likewise, C19-steroids produced by glandular and peripheral tissues may also feed into skin production of dihydrotestosterone, oxidative 3a-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes. Aberrant expression of one or more of these enzymes could conceivably result in increased scalp dihydrotestosterone levels, acceleration of the balding process in men and women.

Sehgal VN, Bhattacharya SN, Sharma S, Srivastava G, Aggarwal AK. Alopecia areata progressing to totalis/universalis in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type II): Failure of dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse therapy. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol [serial online] 2008 [cited 2009 Nov 27];74:171-3.

…A 47-year-old man….had a few recalcitrant multiple boils on the nape of the neck. His fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels were markedly elevated ..snip… treated with antibiotics … Four months later, he experienced spontaneous loss of hair over the legs progressing to involve other sites. In a short period of time, hair loss was noticed over the trunk, scalp and the beard area. It was accompanied by mild to moderate itching. However, hair loss was not preceded by any perifollicular papular or pustular lesions. The loss of hair over the scalp was total and was a source of embarrassment…. Examination of the skin was marked by loss of hair over the whole of the skin surface of the trunk, upper and lower extremities with patches of hair loss over the beard area. Hair pull test was positive. The complete loss of hair over the scalp was without any evidence of scarring or any skin lesion.. snip

Prague Med Rep. 2009;110(3):222-30.

Finasteride treatment and neuroactive steroid formation.
Dusková M,.

Finasteride is the 5alpha-reductase inhibitor that received clinical approval for the treatment of human benign prostate hyperplasia and male pattern hair loss. The 5alpha-reductase is enzyme responsible for the reduction of testosterone to dihydrostestosterone, progesterone to dihydroprogesterone and deoxycorticosterone to dihydrodeoxycorticosterone, steroids modulating the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid on GABA receptors. These neuroactive steroids possess anticonvulsant, antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. snip.. In the course of finasteride treatment of hair loss the decrease of the concentration of circulating steroids with known inhibitory activity on GABA-ergic excitation in the brain is very probably an important factors contributing to the development of the symptoms of depression seen in some isolated cases of finasteride administration.

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Dermatologica. 1987;175:19

….Minoxidil: possible mechanisms of action.
Headington JT.
The mechanism by which minoxidil, whether given orally or applied topically, stimulates hair regrowth remains undetermined. Possible indirect drug action, such as vasodilatation and increased blood flow to the dermal papilla, or possible local irritation related to minoxidil or to one or more components of the vehicle used for topical application has been suggested. …snip…Shortening and diminution of follicle size is undoubtedly accompanied by shortening of the hair growth cycle (decreased anagen time). Morphometric evaluation of scalp biopsies of patients receiving topical minoxidil in a vehicle composed of propylene glycol, water and ethanol has revealed growth of larger normally formed follicles when compared with pretreatment biopsies from the same individual. There has been no suggestion in any morphologic studies of minoxidil-treated patients for development of new follicles. Because the dermal papilla of the hair follicle apparently controls both regrowth and differentiation of hair matrix cells and because there are not dysplastic or atypical changes in fgerminal epithelium after minoxidil, it is concluded that the most probable site for the action of minoxidil in hair loss is on the cells of the papilla.

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Organic semiconductors in the Smithsonian Chips collection.

Interestingly, this is another banch of the same research sequence which eventually led to discoveries in hair loss treatment and hair regrowth.

Anticancer Res. 2009 Aug;29(8):3035-42.

Spontaneous tumor formation in Trp53-deficient epidermis mediated by chromosomal instability and inflammation.
Martínez-Cruz AB,

BACKGROUND: The specific ablation of Trp53 gene in mouse epidermis leads to the spontaneous development of aggressive squamous cell carcinoma, a process that is accelerated by the subsequent loss of Rb gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The possible mechanisms leading to spontaneous tumor formation in epidermis in the absence of Trp53 were studied focusing on hair cycle defects, inflammation and possible chromosomal instability (CIN). RESULTS: Loss of p53 induces tumorigenesis primarily by mediating early CIN and, to a minor extent, nuclear factor kappaB activation. Notably, CIN occurs not only in p53-deficient skin, but also in epidermis lacking both Rb and Tp53 tumor suppressors, indicating a predominant role of this process in spontaneous tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION: These data identify CIN as a major mechanism in tumorigenesis originated by Trp53 loss in stratified epithelia and imply that therapies aimed to counterbalance CIN might be of relevance for the treatment of human cancer bearing impaired p53 functions.

Some of these systems are involved in hair loss and hair loss treatgment

Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2009 Mar;28(1):11-4.

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia.
Trüeb RM.

Few dermatologic conditions carry as much emotional distress as chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA). The prerequisite for successful development of strategies for hair loss prevention is the understanding of the pathobiology of CIA. The incidence and severity of chemotherapy-induced hair loss are variable and related to the particular chemotherapeutic protocol. CIA is traditionally categorized as acute diffuse hair loss caused by dystrophic anagen effluvium; however, CIA presents with different clinical patterns of hair loss. When an arrest of mitotic activity occurs, obviously numerous and interacting factors influence the shedding pattern. The major approach to minimize CIA is by scalp cooling. Unfortunately, most published data on scalp cooling are of poor quality. Several experimental approaches to the development of pharmacologic agents are under evaluation and include drug-specific antibodies, hair regrowth cycle modifiers, cytokines and growth factors, antioxidants, inhibitors of apoptosis, and cell-cycle and proliferation modifiers. Ultimately, the protection should be selective to the hair follicle; for example, topical application, such that the anticancer efficacy of chemotherapy is not hampered. Among the few agents that have been evaluated so far in humans, AS101 and minoxidil were able to reduce the severity or shorten the duration of CIA, but could not prevent CIA.

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